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The presentation of Hamlet’s Denmark is first seen in the opening scene of Hamlet where the two guards enter and the first thing that is said is “who is there?” This immediately sets the mood of the whole play and to a certain extent what kind of state Denmark is in which is in a state of high alert, also the darkness and the mystery of who is there sets an ominous tone for the play and also sets an ominous mood for Denmark. It also suggests that the opening scene of Hamlet is set in the dark of night as they are unable to identify one another and so are on edge as to who the other person could be exactly.

Also when Bernardo says “long live the king” it shows that he is loyal to the current king of Denmark and by doing so proves that he is on the side of the other guard. This whilst establishing that both guards on the same side also shows that there could be an enemy and so the audience are able to conclude that currently Denmark is in a state of war. Throughout the whole of Act 1 scene 1 there is stichomythia where both Bernardo and Francisco have alternating lines and also there are blank verses that are broken up when Francisco says “Bernardo?” to which Bernardo replies in the same form of broken up blank verses “He.” By using this dramatic technique it suggests that the lines are spoken rather quickly one after the other which hints that there is some sort of tension between the two guards which is rather strange as they are only changing shifts and again this hints at the possibility that at that time there is some form of military instability in Denmark leaving everyone on edge.

In Act 1 scene 1 when Marcellus and the two sentinels see the ghost for the first time and they see that the ghost looks exactly like the late king hamlet “in the same figure like the king that’s dead.” Despite this they view it as a bad omen that maybe the men should have a military build up in Denmark in response to Fortinbras recruiting an army. Although Fortinbras’s army is supposed to be used against Poland, they fear he may attack Denmark to get revenge for his father’s death, and reclaim the land his father lost to King Hamlet. This is also backed up when they see the ghost in its full armour as the old king used to wear “such was the very armour he had on.” This again shows the risks that impose Denmark and how it is on the brink of war and the fact that the old king hamlet’s armour is discussed suggests that the old king was very much a war like king who was a hero to the people and so Denmark is going from a traditional war like place to a more political and diplomatically Denmark which can be seen when the new king Claudius sends a messenger to the king of Norway rather than confront the army which is being prepared to ensure that the army does not attack Denmark but merely passes through and goes to Poland.

In Act one scene 4 again the ghost is viewed as an omen on the fate of Denmark when Hamlet says to the ghost “Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damned,” so here it would be that Hamlet is asking the ghost is it an omen fro good health possibly to Denmark or is it a goblin. Then he goes on to say “Bring with thee airs from heaven or blasts from hell” this brings about the contrast and again an ominous mystery as to whether the ghost here is to bring gentle breezes or violent blighting gusts.

Also in scene 1 act 4 Marcellus says “something is rotten in the state of Denmark” this could refer to a number of things such as the new king Claudius marrying his bothers wife and becoming king or it would also be hinted at the ghost and it being an omen of bad news. Horatio replies to this “heaven will direct it.” This can be seen as Horatio saying that all that is currently wrong in Denmark in the end heaven will direct it all too good and that the heavens will make everything okay.

In conclusion the presentation of Denmark in Hamlet is very well done as it shows how the influential people of within Denmark affect the country as a whole.

In commercial real estate today the pressure of presenting and pitching your services can be high. Most opportunities for a listing will involve a few agents all chasing the same listing opportunity. This then says that your presentation process should be finely tuned and very professional.

The ‘generic’ approach to presenting your services to a client today just does not work. In every respect your presentation needs to be of the highest standard. To help you with that I have given you some tips below:

1. Check out the client’s situation prior to developing any thoughts about the property and how you can take it forward. Find out why the client may be selling or leasing the property today; that information may impact your choices of property promotion. Find out why the client purchased the property in the first place. Also ask them about their impressions of property features and improvements.
2. Get the facts of the market locally. There will be some competing properties in the general area that will tell you something about prices, rents, enquiry, occupancy and time on market. Get all of those facts together as part of your preparation to meet with and make recommendations to the client.
3. Walk the streets around the property. As simple as this seems, the process of getting out of your car and walking helps you see and observe many things that you would normally overlook.
4. Understand the property legally and physically. Most properties will have issues that are of impact to the marketing campaign. Look for the ‘hurdles’ that could affect your choices of marketing and inspecting the property with prospects. It is wise to remove the ‘hurdles’ prior to commencing property marketing.
5. Know about the precinct and its history. The records of sales and leases should be accessed so you know what has happened in the area over the last few years.
6. Give information to the client about the best alternatives in marketing and inspecting the property. They like to have choices and understand the logic behind each. In that way they will not be limited or frustrated in the final agent choice or decision.
7. Show some successes as a local agent. Most clients want to work with the best agents and those that really know the local area. Have some examples handy of relevant property transactions that you have been involved with previously.
8. Be relevant in your presentation and provide a visual time line to the actions that you will be taking. The client can then see how you will be moving things forward for them in a timely way. If anything, that will give them more confidence when it gets to the final choice of agent.

Presenting and pitching your services as a top real estate agent does not have to be hard. You can make a deliberate choice to be the best agent for the job and give the full facts of the process in moving ahead. Confidence is the key.

When you’re negotiating with people who have studied negotiating, and are proud of their ability to negotiate, you can get ridiculously close to agreement, and the entire negotiation will still fall apart on you. When it does, it’s probably not the price or terms of the agreement that caused the problem, it’s the ego of the other person as a negotiator. When that happens, Power Negotiators use a simple technique that positions the other person for easy acceptance.

Let’s say that you market advertising specialties, such as rulers, with the company’s name on it-or custom printed baseball caps and T-shirts. You have made an appointment to meet with the manager at a local appliance store. What you may not realize is that just before you showed up in his office, the manager said to the owner of the store, “You just watch me negotiate with this advertising specialty representative. I know what I’m doing, and I’ll get us a good price.”

Now he’s not doing as well as he hoped in the negotiation and he may be reluctant to agree to your proposal because he doesn’t want to feel that he lost to you as a negotiator. That can happen, even when the other person knows that your proposal is fair and it satisfies his needs in every way.
So, when this happens you must find a way to make the other person feel good about giving in to you. You must Position for Easy Acceptance. Power Negotiators know that the best way to do this is to make a small concession just at the last moment. The size of the concession can be ridiculously small, and you can still make it work because it’s not the size of the concession that’s critical, but the timing.

So, you might say, “We just can’t budge another dime on the price, but I tell you what. If you’ll go along with the price, I’ll personally supervise the printing to be sure that it goes smoothly.”

Perhaps you were planning to do that anyway, but the point is that you’ve been courteous enough to position the other person so that he can respond, “Well all right, if you’ll do that for me, we’ll go along with the price.” Then he doesn’t feel that he lost to you in the negotiation. He felt that he traded off.

Positioning for Easy Acceptance is another reason why you should never go in with your best offer up front. If you have offered all of your concessions already, before you get to the end of the negotiation, you won’t have anything left with which to position the other side.

Here are some other small concessions that you can use to position:

You’re selling a boat, so you offer to take the buyers out and show them how to sail it.

If you sell office equipment, offer to inventory their supplies and set them up on an automatic reordering system.

You’re selling a car, so you offer to include the snow chains.

Hold this price for 90 days in case they want to duplicate this order.

You’re hiring someone and can’t pay him or her what they asked, but you offer to review it after 90 days.

Offer forty-five day terms instead of 30 days.

Offer three years for the price of two on an extended service warranty.

Remember, it’s the timing of the concession that counts, not the size. The concession can be ridiculously small and still be effective. Using this Gambit, Power Negotiators can make the other person feel good about giving in to them.

Never, ever gloat. Never, when you get through negotiating, say to the other person, “Harry, you know, if you’d hung in there a little big longer, I was prepared to do this and this and this for you.” Harry’s going to say unkind things about your mommy when you do that.

I realize that in the normal course of business you’d never be foolish enough to gloat over the other person because you felt you out-negotiated him. However, you get into trouble with this one when you’re negotiating with someone you know really well. Perhaps you’ve been playing golf with this person for years. Now you’re negotiating something. You both know you’re negotiating and you’re having fun playing the game. Finally, he says to you, “All right. We’re all agreed on this and we’re not going to back out, but just for my own satisfaction, what was your real bottom line there?” Of course you are tempted to brag a little, but don’t do it. He will remember that for the next 20 years.

Always when you’re through negotiating-congratulate. However poorly you think the other people may have done, congratulate them. Say, “Wow. Did you do a fantastic job negotiating with me. I realize that I didn’t get as good a deal as I could have done, but frankly, it was worth it because I learned so much about negotiating. You were brilliant.” You want the other person to feel that he or she won in the negotiations.

Have you ever watched attorneys in court? They’ll cut each other to ribbons inside the courtroom. However, outside you’ll see the district attorney go up to the defense attorney and say, “Wow, were you brilliant in there. You really were. True your guy got 30 years, but I don’t think anybody could have done a better job than you did.” The district attorney understands that he’ll be in another courtroom one day with that same defense attorney, and he doesn’t want the attorney feeling that this is a personal contest. Gloating over a victory will just make the attorney more determined than ever to win the rematch.

Similarly, you will be dealing with that other person again. You don’t want her remembering that she lost to you. It would make her only more determined to get the better of you in a rematch.

Key points to remember:

If the other person is proud of his ability to negotiate, his egotistical need to win may stop you from reaching agreement.

Position the other person to feel good about giving in to you with a small concession made just at the last moment.

Because timing is more important than the size of the concession, the concession can be ridiculously small and still be effective.

Always congratulate the other person when you get through negotiating, however poorly you think he or she did.